2004 Peugeot 407 Silhouette Concept

The Peugeot 407 is a large family car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot since 2004.

The 407 was the successor to the hugely successful Peugeot 406, and was launched on May 27, 2004 after first being presented in concept car form with the name "407 Elixir" at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show. The streamlined design of the car was seen as quite radical, its most distinctive features being its large front grille and the steeply raked screen pillars.

The production 407 is available in sedan, coupé and station wagon/estate variants. The station wagon, known as the 407 SW, was launched four months after the sedan, whereas the coupé will be put on sale in early 2006. The coupé was originally presented at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show as a prototype under the name "407 Prologue".

The 407 is available with both diesel and petrol engines. The petrol engines range from 1.8 to 3.0 litres displacement, whereas the diesels are 1.6, 2.0, 2.2 and 2.7 liter V6.

Engines

1.8 L (1749 cc) EW7 I4, 117 PS (115 hp/86 kW) and 118 ft·lbf (160 N·m)
2.0 L (1997 cc) EW10 I4, 138 PS (136 hp/101 kW) and 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m)
1.6 L (1560 cc) DV6 HDi Diesel I4, 110 PS (108 hp/81 kW) and 177 ft·lbf (240 N·m)
2.0 L (1997 cc) DW10 HDi Diesel I4, 136 PS (134 hp/100 kW) and 236 ft·lbf (320 N·m)
2.2 L (2230 cc) EW12 I4, 160 PS (158 hp/118 kW) and 160 ft·lbf (217 N·m)
2.9 L (2946 cc) ES9 V6, 211 PS (208 hp/155 kW) and 214 ft·lbf (290 N·m)
3.0 L (2946 cc) ES9 V6, 211 PS (208 hp/155 kW) and 214 ft·lbf (290 N·m)
2.7 L (2720 cc) HDi Diesel V6, 201 PS (198 hp/148 kW) and 325 ft·lbf (441 N·m)

2003 Peugeot 206 CC

2002 Peugeot Sesame Concept

2012 Chrysler 300 Luxury Series

Designed to be the most luxurious and fuel-efficient Chrysler flagship sedan ever, the 2012 Chrysler 300 Luxury Series combines ultra-premium leather - once limited to some of the most exotic Italian luxury cars - with world-class refinement and handling, state-of-the-art safety and connectivity features and eight-speed automatic transmission with Pentastar® V6 engine for 31 best-in-class highway mpg.

"The new 2012 Chrysler 300 Luxury Edition is more than just our flagship car, it's the trophy for the tireless majority, an automobile designed and built to meet the most discerning of expectations," said Saad Chehab, President and CEO - Chrysler Brand, Chrysler Group LLC. "It's fitted with a paddle shifting eight-speed transmission found only on cars twice its cost, dressed with the highest grade Italian Poltrona Frau leather and finished with hand sanded real wood found only in exotic cars - all to deliver a surprising combination of hyper craftsmanship, style, technology and 'uber' best-in-class fuel

2011 Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrow Concept

For the 2011 Los Angeles Design Challenge, which was seeking to find the most spectacular new film car for Hollywood, the designers from the Mercedes-Benz Advanced Design Studios in Sindelfingen (Germany) and Carlsbad (USA), have joined the ranks of the screen-writers.

The designers at the Mercedes-Benz Advanced Design Studio in Carlsbad, California have created a Hollywood-style homage for Mercedes-Benz to 125 years of innovation in automotive technology and design. The leading roles are played by two high-tech characters which have been instrumental in reconciling safety and stylish design in automobiles: the Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrow cult racing car and crash test

2012 Hyundai Veloster

Hyundai introduced its cutting-edge Hyundai Veloster three-door coupe in a world debut at the 2011 North American International Auto Show. The 2012 Veloster delivers innovation to the compact coupe segment with a unique third door for easy rear-seat access, Hyundai's Blue Link telematics system, Pandora internet radio with seven-inch touch-screen display, and a new 1.6-liter direct-injected four-cylinder engine mated to Hyundai's first dual-clutch transmission.

MOTORCYCLE INSPIRATION

Hyundai Veloster's unique design takes inspiration from a high-performance sport bike. Veloster has distinctive black A-pillars that give the glass a motorcycle helmet visor appearance. In the front is an aggressive form of Hyundai's signature hexagonal front grille, hood scoop detailing, and unique Hyundai-signature LED position lights. Optional packages add a chrome grille surround, piano black highlights, fog lights, and a massive panoramic sunroof.

In profile the Hyundai Veloster features "Fluidic Sculpture" character lines, muscular wheel arches, bodycolor door handles and mirrors, and wraparound headlights and taillights. Hyundai Veloster comes standard with 17-inch alloy wheels and offers two types of 18-inch wheels. The top-of-the-line 18-inch wheel comes with painted inserts, a segment first.

Hyundai Veloster's dynamic rear design has a distinctive glass hatch, dual centered chrome exhaust tips and black lower fascia that complements the assertive front fascia.

2013 Audi A1 quattro

Audi is crowning its successful A1 model series with an exclusive top-of-the-line model. The dynamic Audi A1 quattro, limited to just 333 units, moves to the head of the compact class. Its two-liter, turbocharged engine produces 188 kW (256 hp) and 350 Nm (258.15 lb-ft) of torque, which is delivered to all four wheels. The Audi A1 quattro sprints from zero to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) in 5.7 seconds and has a top speed of 245 km/h (152.24 mph).

The Audi A1 quattro is powered by the 2.0 TFSI engine. The 1,984 cc, four-cylinder engine combines gasoline direct injection with turbocharging in the classic Audi manner. Among its highlights are the adjustable intake cam shaft and the two balance shafts, which ensure smooth operation. Maximum torque of 350 Nm (258.15 lb-ft) is continuously available between 2,500 and 4,500 rpm, and peak power (188 kW/256 hp) is developed at 6,000 rpm.

Every detail of the sporty, sonorous four-cylinder engine has been optimized for high performance and low fuel consumption. Common rail injection, a turbocharger with intercooler and a regulated oil pump are just a few examples. The Audi A1 quattro is expected to consume on average less than 8.5 liters of fuel per 100 km (27.67 US mpg). Yet it performs like a top-notch sports car: The standard sprint takes just 5.7 seconds, and top speed is 245 km/h (152.24 mph).

The 2.0 TFSI delivers its power to the quattro permanent all-wheel drive system via a precisely shifting six-speed transmission, bringing Vorsprung durch Technik to the small-car class. The heart of this system is an electronically controlled, hydraulically actuated multi-plate clutch whose package of plates rotates in an oil bath.

2004 Rolls-Royce Centenary Phantom

The Rolls-Royce Phantom is a luxury saloon automobile made by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, a BMW subsidiary. It was launched in 2003 and is the first Rolls-Royce branded car made under the ownership of BMW.

Specifications

It has a 6.8 L, 48-valve, V12 engine that produces 453 hp (338 kW) and 531 ft·lbf (720 N·m) of torque. The engine is derived from BMW's existing V12 powerplant.

It is 1.63 m (63 in) tall, 1.99 m (74.8 in) wide, 5.83 m (228 in) long, and weighs 2485 kg (5478 lb). The body of the car is built on an aluminium spaceframe and the Phantom can accelerate to 60 mph (100 km/h) in 5.7 s. It has a six-speed automatic transmission and double wishbone suspension.

The Phantom features side markers on all vehicles (rear ones are red in the US to comply with federal car lighting rules).

An extended wheelbase Phantom was presented in March 2005 at the Geneva Motor Show, which is 250 mm longer than the standard Phantom.

Design

BMW went to great lengths to distinguish the Phantom from their own range. Although some 15 percent of components are shared with other BMW models such as the BMW 7 Series, the Phantom retains the traditional Rolls-Royce design cues.

The intention was to avoid being seen as just an extension to the BMW range. When Mercedes introduced its Maybach luxury saloon, it was criticized of producing "the ultimate bubble" instead of a separately branded car. The car shared many components with and looked like the cheaper S-Class Sedan. BMW learned from this lesson, selling the Phantom through separate dealerships where BMWs are not sold, while the Maybach showroom in London also sells the most basic of Mercedes models.

2004 Rolls-Royce 100EX Centenary Concept

The car was produced to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the meeting of businessman Charles Rolls and engineer Frederick Henry Royce. The figures speak for themselves but to get a better idea of the size of the car the solid silver Spirit of Ecstasy is seven feet (2.1 m) from the driver. The engine outputs are not stated by the company but the motoring press estimate about 700 bhp (520 kW) and 700 ft-lbs (950 Nm) of torque are close to the actual figures. There was much talk at its unveiling about a production version but Rolls-Royce have said they will not produce it. However the car would have been very easy to put into production as all the parts work. The company would not be profitable with its current saloon the Phantom and this model would help ensure the marque's viability. This car would have replaced the now defunct Corniche (2000 - 2002) as it was is the same kind of car and aimed at the same market.

However, as of 2005, it has been confirmed that a two-door, four-seat convertible inspired by the 100EX, and codenamed RR02, will go into production in 2007. It will be slightly smaller than the 100EX. Power will come from the 6.75 litre, V12 engine, which the new model will share with the Rolls-Royce Phantom.

9.0 litre 64 valve V16 engine
6 Speed automatic transmission
Dimensions: Height 1561 mm, Width 1990 mm and Length 5669 mm

2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom

When Rolls-Royce Motor Cars unveiled the Rolls-Royce Phantom in 2003, it heralded a new age for the marque, proudly reclaiming its position at the forefront of automotive design and engineering.

Working to the maxim of company founder Sir Henry Royce - "Strive for perfection in everything you do" - the design and engineering teams spent four years developing this breakthrough model. Using the most advanced technology, whilst drawing inspiration from the company's rich heritage, their goal was clearcut: to develop a 21st century Rolls-Royce that would be truly worthy of the famous Spirit of Ecstasy.

The result was the Rolls-Royce Phantom. Built at a new, state-of-the-art manufacturing plant in Goodwood, this flagship Rolls-Royce ensured the company's renaissance by combining the spirit of its illustrious forebears with ground-breaking technology and visionary engineering techniques.

Design

Creating a strong identity for the Rolls-Royce Phantom was essential, says chief designer Ian Cameron: "Our priority was to create a car that was obviously a Rolls-Royce from any angle, even if the Spirit of Ecstasy or the famous grille could not be seen."

To identify this core essence, the design team immersed themselves in the brand and its history. This revealed classic styling cues such as a long bonnet, wide C-pillars and discrete windows, all of which were incorporated into the Rolls-Royce Phantom's design. Its powerful, upright stance and dynamic, rising profile are also unmistakably Rolls-Royce. Yet advanced features such as a unique aluminium spaceframe and pioneering direct petrol-injection engine leave no doubt that this is a car at the cutting edge of technology.

2011 Rolls-Royce 102EX Electric Concept

Rolls-Royce Motor Cars proudly presents Rolls-Royce 102EX, a car that represents one of the most significant initiatives taken by the company in recent years. It is the world's first battery electric vehicle for the ultra-luxury segment and continues a tradition of experimental cars running through the model generations.

Rolls-Royce produces cars that represent the pinnacle in luxurious motoring for the world's most discerning customers. However, the company also recognises the need to look to the future and to plan for long-term sustainable growth. An investigation into alternative drive-train options is an important step in that process.

With Rolls-Royce 102EX, also to be known as the Phantom Experimental Electric (EE), it is the company's intention to carefully test the opinions and reactions to alternative drive-train options of a range of stakeholders including owners, enthusiasts, members of the public and the media.

Throughout 2011 Phantom EE will serve as a working test bed, giving owners, VIPs, the media and enthusiasts the opportunity to experience an established alternative drive-train technology and to feed back their experiences, thoughts and concerns directly.

The bank of research gathered from a global drive programme that will include Europe, the Middle East, Asia and North America will be crucial to decisions affecting alternative drive-trains for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.

There are no plans to build a production version of this car. Phantom EE's role is as a test bed, designed to explore established BEV technologies, to pose as well as to answer questions.Can Phantom EE deliver an acceptable range for customers without frequent re-charging? Is there confidence in its ability to operate in extreme conditions? Will reliability and quality be consistent with expectations of the world's pinnacle automotive brand?

Phantom EE also poses more fundamental questions: Is an all-electric drive-train able to deliver an authentic Rolls-Royce experience for customers, an experience that truly befits the marque?

Whether all-electric or another alternative drive-train option is right for Rolls-Royce will become clearer when the test programme is complete at the end of the year.

Rolls-Royce 102EX - PHANTOM EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRIC (EE)

Reinvention is part of being timeless and Phantom EE is the latest in a line of experimental vehicles from Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. It builds on a legacy which dates back to 1919 and 1EX.

Experimental models are used to test and evaluate new technologies and applications which could shape future Rolls-Royce products. Unlike a concept car, Rolls-Royce experimental models are always fully functioning, drivable vehicles using tangible materials such as wood, leather and metals rather than clay and foam or other concepts.

They present engineers and designers with the opportunity for real-world innovation and are used not only to showcase new components and engineering techniques but also to evaluate them.

The latest in this line of experimental projects began with a Rolls-Royce Phantom, a strikingly modern and immaculately proportioned car in which high technology and hand-craftsmanship combine to produce something extraordinary.

Phantom EE features the car's ground-breaking aluminium spaceframe, so important to dynamic prowess, as well as the sense of calm and tranquillity enjoyed by occupants. However, the naturally aspirated 6.75-litre V12 petrol engine and 6-speed gearbox have been replaced by a lithium ion battery pack and two electric motors mounted on the rear sub-frame. These motors are connected to a single speed transmission with integrated differential.

Each motor is power rated to 145kW, giving Phantom EE a maximum power output of 290kW and torque of 800Nm available over a wide band. This compares with 338kW for standard Phantom with maximum torque of 720Nm, delivered at 3,500rpm.

The Nickel Cobalt Manganese battery chemistry holds around 230Wh/kg,a high energy density which is important in achieving an acceptable range between re-charges. Pre-launch tests suggests Phantom EE should run to a range of up to 200km. Delivered on an effortless wave of torque, 0-60mph will be achieved in under eight seconds (5.7 seconds in standard Phantom), with top speed limited to 160kph.

This is the first application of the technology in a GKL++ segment (super luxury vehicles priced at more than €200,000) and the battery pack is thought to be the largest ever fitted to a road car.

Evaluation of technology is an important part of the test programme. However, more fundamentally the car will seek answers to questions posed of Rolls-Royce owners: what their needs might be for the future considering factors such as range, performance and re-charging infrastructure.

The feedback from customers - as well as media, stakeholders and enthusiasts via the website www.electricluxury.com - will prove essential in evaluating the appropriateness of battery electric technology for Rolls-Royce.

It will help inform a decision on whether all-electric, or another alternative drive-train technology, will be most appropriate for the world's best cars of the future.

DESIGN

"It's a credible design concept that perfectly complements the experimental nature of the car, exploring options in light, space and use of materials. Had we changed the overall aesthetic, the concept would have lost credibility; our audience would assume it was simply a styling exercise. The reality is that this is an experimental vehicle in its truest sense, challenging perceptions, emotions and values - as well as exploring alternative drive-train technology." - Ian Cameron, Chief Designer Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.

102EX bears the famous hallmarks of the Rolls-Royce Phantom on which it is based, such as hand craftsmanship, fine detailing and iconic design cues like the pantheon grille and the Spirit of Ecstasy which celebrates its centenary in 2011. However, at the core of its design is the essence of an experimental vehicle, establishing this car's status as a test bed, while subtly alluding to its electric power plant.

The design creates a different aesthetic, experimenting with interior space and materials, as well as trims and illumination. These are framed around functional considerations for a battery electric Rolls-Royce - how the car is likely to be used and the changes that the technology brings in terms of interior space and exterior detailing. Naturally, these changes are executed in a way that affirms the car's credentials as a Rolls-Royce.

ATLANTIC CHROME EXTERIOR

Our designers were challenged with creating a finish for Phantom EE which immediately signified a special car, distinguishing it from standard Phantom models in the absence of many overt design changes. Not an easy task, since all Phantom models are special - with customers benefitting from a range of bespoke paint options running to some 45,000 colours.

Extensive research however had revealed a highly reflective paint using ceramic nano particles. Under a microscope these mimic the impression of a silver metal, but are between 8,000 and 80,000 times smaller than the thickness of a hair or 1,000 times smaller than the size of a normal metallic paint particle.

Test parts were produced and the design team were impressed with the results, knowing that the larger the object covered the better it would look. But they were under no illusions as to the task ahead.

In all sixteen coats of paint were needed, of which four were Atlantic Chrome, and many hours of time dedicated to ensuring a perfect end result. The finish is a striking one. Phantom EE commands the stage, with taut almost chiselled lines giving a wet impression to the car. This only grows in character as light conditions change.

ILLUMINATED SPIRIT OF ECSTASY

As well as the launch of Rolls-Royce 102EX, 2011 marks another milestone in the history of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. On 6 February 1911, the design for Charles Sykes' Spirit of Ecstasy was first registered, signalling the start of a 100 year period in which this famous icon has adorned the prow of Rolls-Royce cars, from the famous Silver Ghosts, Clouds and Shadows of the 20th Century to today's hand-built Phantom and Ghost models.

Phantom EE's Spirit of Ecstasy, sits atop the radiator grille above the red double-R badge applied to EX models. Made of Makrolon, rather than stainless steel, it will be bathed in blue LED light, hinting at the electric technology beneath the bonnet. This stunning image complements the keynote graphic of website - www.electricluxury.com - where Rolls-Royce Motor Cars will expand the debate on the question of electric luxury to the online community, taking views from enthusiasts, media and members of the public.

INTERIOR DETAILING

Atlantic chrome-finished dashboard dials echo the exterior colour, providing a sense of interior-exterior balance and their analogue displays maintain the timeless architecture that every Phantom interior commands.

Other changes hint at further evolutionary designs applied to the car. For example, some dials have been subtly modified to provide information needed by the driver of an electric vehicle. The fuel gauge in particular has been replaced by an elegant battery charge indicator.

One of the most pleasing features of every Rolls-Royce Phantom interior is the power reserve dial located beside the speedometer. This reveals how much of the V12 engine's power remains at a driver's disposal. Phantom EE takes this concept a step further.

It features a regeneration symbol which takes the dial beyond the normal 100% line of standard Phantom. Depending on the momentum gathered, it conveys the degree of re-charge taking place as the vehicle is in motion.

EXTERIOR RE-CHARGING POINT

Re-charging is undertaken with a plug and five-pin socket which takes the place of the normal fuel filling mechanism for Phantom.The standard fuel filler cap has been replaced by a design featuring a clear window, displaying the RR logo and 102EX motif. The window frames rear-mounted, tricolour LEDs which present the car's charging status.

On start up, the socket is bathed in blue light. This begins to flash as charging commences. When completely charged, the display turns green, then flashing green as the solenoid is disengaged. A potential fault in the system is indicated by either constant or flashing red light.

Charging can be halted via a switch located adjacent to the plug. The process can also be operated inside the vehicle using controls accessed beneath the centre console, for example when induction charging is taking place.

CENTRE CONSOLE DETAIL

A key identifier for Phantom EE is the design of the centre console charging and display, sited below the central arm rest. A simple switch is used to start and halt charging, while the display itself features a bright plate with an image of a battery, lit by LEDs.

Reflecting the lights applied to the exterior charging point, this image changes colour according to the charge status of the car. A blue-lit battery shows the vehicle is on standard charge, while pulsating blue indicates that inductive charging is taking place. Green indicates a fully charged battery while red notifies engineers of a potential fault in the system.

CORINOVA LEATHER

"At Rolls-Royce we pride ourselves in producing an authentic and natural product for customers, the quality of which is second to none. Seton Corinova is an experimental vegetable-tanned leather that allows us to celebrate more of the curves, creases and other features that are part and parcel of the life of the animal. It's a more sympathetic process that stretches our understanding of Rolls-Royce interior expectations. Owners' reactions will prove fascinating during the tour." - Andrew Monachan, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars General Manager, Leathershop.

Interior wood veneers present Phantom owners with unique grains, patterns and detail adding weight to the fact that every model leaving Goodwood is as unique as the finger print of its owner. Phantom EE takes this concept a step further.

Its leather interior is derived from a natural vegetable tanning process christened Corinova. This gives life to the car, adding definition to the seats, floor and arm rests.

Most leather produced for automotive applications is chrome tanned. This is an important constituent that helps to stabilise animal hides and transfer collagen into leather fibres. The barrel-dyeing process used to colour Phantom interior leathers gives a rich, uniform pigmentation while maintaining the natural feel and softness.

An experimental leather, Corinova distinguishes itself by being entirely chrome free. It starts with a preparation of Glutardialehyde to prepare for tanning. Chestnut extract, sustainably sourced from Southern Europe and Tara powder from crushed fruit of the Tara bush in South America are used for drum-spun colouring. Fruits are harvested without damage to the plant and the product is finished with a combination of natural binders and high tech polymers.

The process lends itself only to certain earthy colours - in the case of Phantom EE a chestnut colour for seat covers and Quebracho Brown for other areas such as the floor and trunk lining, both of which are made of durable saddle leather.

As well as aesthetic differences, Corinova leather presents a number of practical benefits. It uses less paint finish than in standard chrome-tanned leather and creates less waste. It negates the use of petrol-refined products and with further development, it may be possible to use recycled Corinova leather in agriculture to aerate soil.

Rolls-Royce fully expects perceptions to be challenged and first impressions will no doubt focus on appearance, as features that define the life of the animal are more clearly visible in areas like seats and armrests than in production Phantom interiors. A change from the sumptuous finish applied to Phantom leather may imply a compromise to some owners, but others may welcome distinguishing features that stretch individualisation for Rolls-Royce Phantom models ever further.

As well as gauging owner feedback, the leather will be tested for its durability and performance after several months on tour.

INTERIOR PANELS

The interior of Phantom EE represents a departure from the traditional wood sets that define the majority of cars delivered to customers, providing a unique finish to the car. It features a distinctive aluminised foil weave that lifts the environment of the interior, contrasting sharply with the darker natural leather within. As is the case with Corinova leather, the aim is to challenge traditional perceptions of what might constitute a Rolls-Royce interior design scheme.

BATTERY PACK

Phantom EE is thought to have the largest passenger car battery in the world. Peak current is 850A, delivered at 338V DC. Overall capacity is 71kWh.

The pack is comprised of large-format NCM pouch cells. NCM (Lithium-Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese-Oxide) is a variant of lithium-ion chemistry that has particularly high energy and power densities.

The Phantom EE battery pack houses five modules of cells, a 38-cell module, a 36-cell module, and three smaller ones of ten, eight and four arranged in various orientations within an irregular shaped unit. This resembles the overall shape of the original engine and gearbox.

Each of the 96 cells was individually tested before assembly into modules to determine their characteristics and capacity. Sub-assemblies were further tested under load to verify that the power connections between each cell perform to specification.

The electronic sensing units for each group of cells were tested and calibrated prior to assembly and put through a rigorous temperature cycling regime designed to provoke failure of weak components. The main electronic box, which contains the switching and control gear, was tested in isolation from the other components to verify correct operation.

Three separate charger units (3kW each) are fitted to the battery, which allow both single-phase (20 hours) or three-phase charging (8 hours); for a passenger car this is unique. A fourth induction charger is also fitted to enable wireless charging, a technology being trialled in Phantom EE.

The battery pack would be expected to last over three years were it to be used every day. Part of the programme however will be to test this assumption in a real world environment and deliver a more robust answer to the question of battery lifespan.

INDUCTION CHARGING

Concerns about lack of available re-charging infrastructure in towns and cities are well documented and critics of electric motoring point to the additional inconvenience of trailing cables connected between power source and vehicles.

To present Rolls-Royce owners with a vision of a potential solution to these problems, Phantom EE is testing a technology called induction charging. This allows re-charging to take place without any physical connection, delivering greater convenience for owners and hinting at the potential for a network of remote charging facilities.

There are two main elements to induction charging; a transfer pad on the ground that delivers power from a mains source and an induction pad mounted under the car, beneath Phantom EE's battery pack. Power frequencies are magnetically coupled across these power transfer pads.

The system is around 90 percent efficient when measured from mains supply to battery and it is tolerant to parking misalignment. For example, it is not essential to align the transmitter and Phantom receiver pads exactly for charging to take place. While pads are capable of transmitting power over gaps of up to 400mm, for Phantom EE the separation is in the region of 150mm.

The coupling circuits are tuned through the addi­tion of compensation capacitors. Pick-up coils in the receiver pad are magnetically coupled to the primary coil. Power transfer is achieved by tuning the pick-up coil to the operating frequency of the primary coil with a series or parallel capacitor.

The pick-up controller is an essential part of the technology because it takes power from the receiver pad and provides a controlled output to batteries. It is required to provide an output that remains independent of the load and the separation between pads. Without a controller, the voltage would rise as the gap decreases and fall as the load current increases.

The transmitter pad has been constructed to shield magnetic fields to prevent EMI egress to bystanders and the system operates well within internationally agreed limits.

ELECTRIC CARS AND THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF ROLLS-ROYCE

Charles Rolls, Henry Royce and Claude Johnson played their part in an electrical revolution that pre-empted the establishment of internal combustion as the dominant car engine technology.

Henry Royce had developed a career as an accomplished electrical engineer before turning his expert hands to car manufacturing.

His business F.H. Royce and Co, which began selling simple lights and bell sets in the 1890s, became prosperous through the design and delivery of dynamos, electric motors and industrial cranes. Royce's many innovations include the patent for the bayonet bulb holder, a design that endures today.

One of Royce's clients was Pritchett and Gold, a company based in Feltham in Middlesex. As well as manufacturing accumulators they had developed a two-seater electric car, at least one of which was powered by a Royce electric motor.

The Honourable Charles Rolls also toyed with electric motoring in the years before the two men met. He had negotiated for the selling rights of an electric brougham, through C.S Rolls and Co, in Conduit Street, London which latterly established exclusive rights to sell Rolls-Royce models.

It is likely that this car was part of the City and Suburban Electric Car Project, a joint venture of two men, Paris Singer and one Claude Johnson. The project had a short life and Johnson left to join the rapidly expanding business of Rolls, latterly taking the role of managing director of Rolls-Royce. He became known as 'the hyphen in Rolls-Royce', with a pivotal role in its success.

Charles Rolls was on record outlining the merits of electric drive-trains - as well as raising prescient concerns about range and re-charging. He regarded a model called the Columbia as the best of its type, commenting in Automobile Journal:

"They are perfectly noiseless and clean. There is no smell or vibration and they should become very useful for town use when fixed charging stations can be arranged. But for country use I do not anticipate they will be very serviceable - at least not for many years to come."

Later, when the first exports of petrol powered Rolls-Royce models were made to America, some authorities refused to believe they were not electrically powered, thanks to their legendary near-silent running.

In the 21st Century silence remains a key signature for Rolls-Royce cars. Other attributes of all-electric drive-trains also allude to famous Rolls-Royce characteristics. Power at low speeds is one example.

Thanks to improvements in battery technology, it may be that the serviceability to which Rolls referred more than a century ago is now sufficiently developed to re-visit all-electric motoring as an option.

2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class

With the completely redeveloped SL, Mercedes-Benz continues a tradition that began 60 years ago. The letters "SL" have ever since been synonymous with a symbiosis of sportiness, style and comfort - and with groundbreaking innovations. The new Mercedes-Benz SL-Class has been produced for the first time almost entirely from aluminium and weighs up to 140 kilograms less than its predecessor. Its highly rigid all-aluminium bodyshell provides the basis for agile, sporty handling that has been taken to an entirely new level, coupled with exemplary roll characteristics and ride comfort. Even better driving dynamics come courtesy of the new BlueDIRECT engines; they are more powerful yet at the same time up to 29 percent more economical than the engines in the outgoing generation. Other new features include the unique FrontBass system, which turns the luxury sports car into a concert hall regardless of whether the top is open or closed, and the highly efficient adaptive windscreen wipe/wash system MAGIC VISION CONTROL; it supplies water from the wiper blade as required and depending on the direction of wipe.

Compared with its successful predecessor, the new Mercedes-Benz SL-Class offers considerably more comfort and sportiness, setting new standards in the luxury roadster class. Added to which is uncompromising day-to-day suitability, which turns the SL into an incomparable all-rounder among sports cars. In short, anyone that talks about the new SL is bound to be talking about the ultimate in passionate, refined motoring.

2013 Ford C-MAX Energi

Ford's two new hybrid vehicles, the C-MAX Hybrid and C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid, are projected to set a new benchmark for fuel economy when they go on sale in 2012.

The Ford C-MAX Energi is expected to deliver a better fuel economy equivalent in electric mode than the Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid with a 500-mile overall driving range, more than Chevrolet Volt. The new C-MAX Hybrid is targeted to achieve better fuel economy than Toyota Prius v.

Both vehicles feature the next generation of Ford's acclaimed powersplit technology that will allow operation in electric mode at higher speeds than any other hybrid.

"C-MAX is the right car for the time as it combines the dynamics and quality of a traditional car with the versatility of a MAV and leading fuel efficiency that you cannot even get from Toyota," said Sherif Marakby, director of Ford's Electrification Programs and Engineering.

The C-MAX hybrids headline Ford's transformed lineup, one-third of which will feature a model with 40 mpg or more in 2012, building on the company's commitment to give fuel-efficiency-minded customers the Power of Choice.

2013 Fiat Panda

The new Fiat Panda is the consistent evolution of an invention that in its 31-year history has always been likeable, versatile and easy to use. The Panda is all this and something more: a brand rich in strong rational and emotional value, a car of which more than 6.4 million units have been produced, and which has won 16 million drivers different from one another in terms of taste, age, nationality and background. A best seller which has significantly contributed to the undisputed leadership of Fiat in this segment: from the first 600 to the 500, from the 126 to the first Panda, from the Cinquecento to the Seicento, from the second generation Panda (2003) to the new 500 launched in 2007. Fiat has always been the point of reference of the city-car segment in Europe due to its unrivalled expertise developed in the continental cities.

The third generation of the Fiat Panda model springs forth from this technical and human heritage. It comes of age offering more quality in terms of space, comfort, functionality, technology and safety features. It combines the best features of the first- and second-generation cars. This intelligent vehicle is ideal for those wanting to combine the practical handling of a city car with the space and comfort of a five-door compact car. All this is further enhanced by a modern and harmonious look which exalts that pleasant appearance of the Panda that by now has become a part of our collective memory just like other objects resulting from Italian creativity, from the Fiat 500 to the Vespa Piaggio, Moka Bialetti and Cubo by Bruno Munari. Unique products that can neither be judged by their appearance nor just represent a good engineering exercise. Instead they are powerful alchemies, innovative in their design and concept that redefine the common points of reference and comparison. When this happens, essential masterpieces in the history of industry are born. The Fiat Panda is one of these.

2012 TechArt Porsche 911 Carrera

TechArt offers first individualization options for the new Porsche 911 Carrera and Carrera S. In addition to the wide-ranging program for the interior refinement like the TechArt full leather interior or the sport steering wheel variations, the TechArt forged light alloy wheels in sizes of 20- and 21-inch ensure a unique individualization for the new Porsche 911.

Craftsmanship in the interior

In the interior of the 911 the TechArt 3-spokes sport steering wheel provides pure individualization: finest materials, perfect ergonomics and handcrafted in the TechArt manufactory. Furthermore the TechArt paddle shifters ensure a precise control as well as a quick shifting - for a maximum of driving pleasure and motorsport feeling on-track and on-road driving.

Moreover numerous other individualization options for the 911-interior give the car the unique character of its driver. From the full leather interior with a decorative stitching in custom colour or in a sporty diamond design to tasteful styling packages in carbon fibre or an individual colour combination, TechArt sets no limits to the customer's wishes. Additional highlights are decorative accents in finest leather or alcantara.

Exterior refinement for the Porsche 911

TechArt customers are looking forward to the upcoming spring to satisfy their desire of driving pleasure and driving dynamics. With the beginning of the warmer times of the year TechArt offers its customers the classic and elegant five-spoke TechArt Formula light alloy wheel in 20- and 21-inch size for the 991. Its flowing shape incorporates large spaces between the spokes and gives a finishing touch to the car. This results not only in a clear view of the braking system, with painted callipers in custom colour as an option, but also in effective heat dispersal. Furthermore the TechArt Formula III forged light alloy wheel with five dynamically shaped twin-spokes is available at spring in the same sizes. A weight advantage of up to 15 % compared to a light alloy wheel results in a reduction of the rotating and unsprung mass and increased driving dynamics of the Porsche 911.

In combination to the unique wheel design, the TechArt sport tailpipes made of polished stainless steel with a dual oval tube or a round tube as well as exterior trim parts in carbon fibre or custom colour let the new 911 be an unmistakable individual piece.

2011 Skoda Design Concept

Škoda is offering a glimpse of the future by unveiling a Škoda Design Concept at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The economic goals set by the carmaker require a new focus drawing on the inspiration of a tradition stretching back for more than 110 years. The use of modern stylistic elements and the latest technology is a logical step. The Škoda Design Concept gives fleshes out the contours of the growth strategy with clearly defined features, maximum care and attention to detail.

Tradition with vision: evolving towards success

The concept singles out characteristic design elements of the Škoda brand and guides them forwards towards the future. The long wheelbase and short overhangs are a prerequisite for successful automotive architecture as they both allow for above-average interior space and, coupled with the dynamic roof line, lend the car a high degree of visual majesty. The fluent integration of the tailgate underscores the entire car's sophisticated practicality. The high everyday utility value and distinctive interior modular design are traditional brand values which are freshly interpreted in a more modern form here. The grille with its unobtrusively shiny finish symbolizes the brand's aesthetic blueprint, its fine slats resembling taut harp strings.

Sending out a clear signal: a new logo and distinctive lighting elements

The newly arranged and clearly structured logo stands out in the middle of the car as the starting point for all the contours. It intersects the horizontal line of the bonnet, highlighting its special status as a symbol of quality and success.

2011 McLaren MP4-12C

McLaren Automotive is in the final stages of developing a range of innovative high-performance sports cars that will also be highly efficient, high-quality, lightweight, practical, dynamic, safe, comfortable and visually arresting. On Monday 17 January 2011, the first McLaren MP4-12C production car entered the McLaren Technology Centre (MTC) General Assembly Hall in Woking, England.

Twenty years of sports car design, engineering and production combined with inspirational success in Formula 1 have driven Ron Dennis, McLaren Automotive Chairman, to announce his plans for the ultimate line-up of technology-led and customer-focused performance cars for the 21st century. The rules in the sports car world are about to be re-written.

Through a rich modern history, McLaren's automotive division has already built the world's most critically acclaimed supercar, the McLaren F1 (1993-1998) and the world's best-selling luxury supercar, the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren (2003-2009). McLaren Automotive now looks to the future with a new range of revolutionary sports cars.

"It is a long-held dream of mine to launch a range of high performance sports cars that set new standards in the industry," said Dennis.

"We began designing and building cars for aficionados of thoroughbred sports cars almost 20 years ago. Incorporating the leading edge technologies that the McLaren Group has built up within its various companies, I believe we are now perfectly placed to open up this new chapter in McLaren's history as well as play a part in the regeneration of high-tech manufacturing in the UK and global automotive environment," he concluded.

2013 BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe

Introducing the BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe - a new 4-door, 4+1 seat addition to the 6-Series line that successfully combines the stunning proportions, design and driving dynamics of the 6-Series Coupe with interior room and amenities for up to five passengers. Harmonious proportions, precise lines and sleekly contoured surfaces give the BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe the unique ability to satisfy the driver who wants a luxurious and sporty coupe yet needs a car capable of carrying four adults in comfort and luxury. The BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe will be offered as three distinct models in the USA. The TwinPower Turbo 6-cylinder powered 2013 BMW 640i Gran Coupe is the initial model and arrives early this summer. Later in the summer 2012, the TwinPower Turbo V-8 powered 2013 BMW 650i Gran Coupe and the all-wheel drive 2013 BMW 650i xDrive Gran Coupe will join the range.

Sporting a length of 197 inches (5,007 mm) and wheelbase of 116.8 inches (2,968 mm), the Gran Coupe is 4.4 inches (111 mm) longer than its 2-door coupe sibling. A significant part of this extra length has been used to enhance seating comfort for the rear passengers. The BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe is also 74.6 inches (1,894 mm) wide and stands 54.8 inches (1,392 mm) in height. For comparison purposes, the Gran Coupe is 4.0 inches (102mm) longer, 1.3 inches (34mm) wider and 2.8 inches (72mm) lower than the BMW 550i.

The BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe, in keeping with the tradition of the 6-Series Coupe, offers a unique combination of top-class sporting dynamics, stunning design, luxurious touring comfort and a 16.24 cu. ft (460-liter) DIN luggage compartment - now for four passengers. The BMW 6-Series Gran Coupe's signature driving experience is complimented by a range of innovative driver assistance systems and BMW ConnectedDrive infotainment features. The new car therefore meets the highest expectations of driving pleasure and style in a large, premium 4-seat sports coupe.

2011 Nissan Juke-R Concept

Dubbed the world's fastest crossover, Nissan Juke-R is a unique concept car that combines the power, speed and handling of Nissan's flagship GT-R sports car with the bold, exciting design of the Juke crossover model. Images and video reflect the thought-provoking, energetic style of this urban rebel crossover, while its foreboding matt black finish enhances the car's rebellious personality.

The car's unique, impactful styling places Juke's curves and lines over GT-R's 3.8-litre engine, drivetrain and suspension, making Nissan Juke-R the most testosterone-packed compact crossover in the world. It is a force to be reckoned with not only in performance but also in its bold and menacing design.

Large, provocative vents in the front bumper provide cooling for the Nissan Juke-R's twin turbo V6 engine, while subtle submerged ducts in the bonnet help draw air through the engine bay. Flared wheel arches cover the GT-R's 20-inch RAYS forged alloy wheels to merge with a new sculpted skirting. At the back of the car a dynamic split rear wing provides the supercar crossover with down-force, while twin pentagonal exhausts emit the GT-R's evocative engine note.

Inside, the Juke's motorcycle-inspired console is at the centre of a modified interior cabin fitted out to go racing complete with twin race seats, full race harness and a race-spec roll cage. GT-R steering wheel, pedals, dials and 7-inch touch-screen display are built into a modified version of Juke's dashboard.

Officially announced by Nissan Europe in October 2011, Nissan Juke-R is not a production car but a special, road legal concept car. Two versions of the Nissan Juke-R are being created - one in left-hand-drive and one in right-hand-drive. Nissan Juke-R will go into testing in late November 2011 before it's unleashed on the world to take on the urban playground.

2012 Toyota Camry AU Version

Toyota has released an all-new seventh-generation Toyota Camry in Australia that debuts a contemporary design with improved driving dynamics and a more spacious interior.

The 2012 Camry combines a new 2.5-litre four-cylinder engine and six-speed automatic transmission that deliver better performance while substantially cutting fuel bills and emissions.

Built in Australia, new Toyota Camry features expanded safety features, a more comfortable ride, better handling and added refinement, including an even quieter cabin.

The new range introduces two distinct looks to expand buyer appeal - an entry-level Altise and three new Atara variants.

Atara models have unique styling, including the lower-body design, a sporty mesh upper grille, prominent side skirts and twin exhausts.

Advanced features at the top of the range include a blind-spot monitor to help prevent collisions and automatic high beam that automatically dips headlights at night to avoid blinding other drivers.

The new range arrives with zero price increases for the Altise at $30,490 and the range-topping Atara SL at $39,990, which replaces the Grande.

Price increases for Atara S (replaces Ateva) and Atara SX (Sportivo) are outweighed by added features.

Toyota Australia senior executive director sales and marketing David Buttner said the keen pricing delivers even better value to consumers.

"New Camry has the sharp styling, advanced safety, dynamic driving performance, interior space and quietness, comprehensive features, low cost of ownership and exceptional value demanded by Australian drivers," Mr Buttner said.

2012 Toyota Avensis

The new Toyota Avensis builds on the spaciousness, practicality and fuel efficiency of the current, third generation model.

It features a bolder and more refined exterior design, and interior improvements to finish quality, comfort and Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH). Driving dynamics have been enhanced, and a revised grade structure offers even greater value for money. In addition to that Toyota is introducing the Touch and Go Plus, a further advancement of its existing affordable multimedia system.

The best-selling variant of the Toyota Avensis' six engine line-up, the 2.0 D-4D turbodiesel, has been revised to deliver significant improvements in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. With a tax threshold set at 120 g/km in almost a third of European countries, the 2.0 D-4D's 119 g/km brings generous tax benefits to both private and fleet buyers.

With a choice of two body styles, three diesel and three petrol engines, three transmissions and four model grades, the Toyota Avensis has been specifically tailored to the European market. The D-segment demonstrates a 70% focus on diesel powertrains, a 64% bias in favour of fleet sales and a preference for the wagon body style with over 50% of customers.

Designed, engineered and built in Europe, the Toyota Avensis was first launched at the end of 1997 and has since firmly established itself in the European D-segment. It sold 70,585 units throughout the region in 2010, representing a segment share of around 6%.

2011 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque

The groundbreaking, all-new Land Rover Range Rover Evoque made its global public debut at the 2010 Paris Motor Show.

Dr Ralf Speth, CEO, Jaguar Land Rover, said: "These are exciting times for our business as we continue to widen our portfolio with this all-new addition to the Range Rover line-up. Not only will the Land Rover Range Rover Evoque increase our worldwide market share, but it demonstrates our commitment to building sustainable, yet highly desirable products."

Dr Speth continued: "The Evoque helps to define a new segment for premium compact SUVs that are more sporting and stylish. It makes a strong statement about the future direction of the Range Rover brand and will have a powerful emotional appeal to a very broad range of premium car buyers."

The Land Rover Range Rover Evoque has turned the much-acclaimed LRX concept car into reality, faithfully capturing the spirit of its landmark cross-coupé design.

True to the Range Rover brand, the Evoque effortlessly delivers premium levels of craftsmanship, luxury and performance, but shrink-wrapped into a more compact package.

The lightest and most fuel-efficient Range Rover ever, the Evoque demonstrates the marque's commitment to environmental sustainability, bringing sub-130g/km CO2 capability to the premium SUV class.

2012 Renault Twingo

New Renault Twingo is the first vehicle in the range to feature the brand's new design identity. The car will go on sale in early 2012, and includes a number of styling features that were unveiled on the most recent concept cars, and which will become the visual signature of all Renault cars in the future.

Outside, the front end of New Twingo has taken its inspiration specifically from this new design approach. On the bonnet, the Renault diamond is both bigger and significantly more upright. The black background highlights the badge and presents the brand in a robust, confident manner. Like the first-generation Renault Twingo, the newcomer features an expressive, appealing front end. Its dynamic, playful character is underlined by its fog lights and round sidelights which are now positioned next to the grille. The 'eyelids' of the headlights also contribute to new Renault Twingo's distinctive looks.

Warm, original new colours called Fuchsia and Bermuda Blue have been added to the existing range, and bring a touch of light-hearted fun that's characteristic of city cars. Depending on market, New Twingo can be fitted with a electrically-operated fabric sunroof as an option.

At the rear, there are new lights in addition to the main cluster. Located on the tailgate, they enhance New Renault Twingo's lines and echo the front end, bringing extra shape and punch to the car. With a rounder rear bumper and a more curved form for the lower part of the tailgate, the lines are softer. Among the 24 different alloy wheel and wheel trim options, one particularly assertive new wheel design (black diamond effect) contributes to improved aerodynamics and reduced CO2 emissions.

2013 Mazda CX-5

Mazda is unveiling the all-new Mazda CX-5 compact crossover SUV at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. The CX-5 is the first vehicle of a new Mazda generation that will adopt the full range of Mazda's breakthrough SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY and new design theme, 'KODO - Soul of Motion', which was showcased by the Mazda SHINARI and Mazda MINAGI concept cars.

The new Mazda CX-5 will be introduced progressively to global markets beginning early in 2012. Developed around SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY - including all-new Mazda petrol and diesel engines, manual and automatic transmissions, body and chassis - the CX-5 delivers precise response and a high-quality, rewarding ride matched to outstanding environmental and safety performance.

The CX-5 is the first of a new generation of Mazda vehicles that will evolve the company's hallmark fun-to-drive character by providing a new level of driving pleasure.

Aiming for the Best of all Worlds - Making a crossover SUV with enduring appeal

CX-5 Programme Manager, Hideaki Tanaka, says: "We aimed to develop a vehicle with a long-term appeal that would delight owners and make them proud for years to come. I think that these were the most important values we had to embody in the CX-5. We wanted to deliver the best of all worlds in order to suit the various lifestyles and life stages of our customers, and satisfy their high expectations over the long term. Specifically, we focused on providing pleasure through the CX-5's appearance, ist precise handling, its insightful functionality, and its long-term appeal. By aiming to achieve the ideal in each area, we pursued the innovation of driving pleasure."

2013 Scion FR-S

Scion unveiled its 2013 FR-S compact rear-wheel drive sports car to a crowd of eager car enthusiasts. The high-performance coupe is the fifth model to join the Scion family and will go on sale in the spring of 2012.

The Scion FR-S, which stands for Front-engine, Rear-wheel drive, Sport; is Scion's definition of an authentic rear-wheel-drive sports car with exceptionally balanced performance and handling, compelling style, flexible utility and surprising MPG.

"Serving as a laboratory for Toyota, Scion is always experimenting with new things," said Jack Hollis, Scion vice president. "The brand is iconic with the xB, adrenalized by the tC, and groundbreaking with the iQ. The FR-S will no doubt serve as the halo car, expanding Scion into a new dimension of driving performance."

The Scion FR-S is a true "scion," born into a lengthy history of Toyota performance cars and motorsports. The sports car is most inspired by the AE86 generation of the Corolla, better known as the Hachi-Roku, meaning "8-6" in Japanese. The front-engine, rear-wheel-drive coupe was lightweight and well balanced, making it a solid choice for driving enthusiasts.

Inspired by the AE86, the Scion FR-S is designed around the core goal of achieving, "Pure Balance." The balance begins with the strategic use of the world's only flat boxer engine in a front-engine, rear-wheel drive configuration. The engine's compact size and flat shape allow it to be mounted mid-ship and extremely low, giving the car a dynamically favorable front-to-rear weight ratio of 53:47 and a low center of gravity comparable to some exotic supercars.

2012 Alpina BMW B6 Bi-Turbo Coupe

For Alpina, a technology driven company, standstill is a foreign word. Since the introduction of the B7 Bi-Turbo, the engineers from Buchloe, Germany, have been continuously working on the details of the turbo charging and intercooler system.

Consequently, the all-aluminium V8 power plant now produces 540hp (397kW) at a moderate 5500rpm, with a maximum torque of 700Nm from 3000rpm. Two turbo-chargers configured in parallel, each feeding one of the two cylinder banks, with specially developed large diameter exhaust-turbines allow this engine configuration to provide both exceptional power output and an abundance of torque over an especially broad rpm range while maintaining excellent throttle response at low rpm.

The comprehensive high-performance cooling system comprises an indirect inter-cooling system (air-to-water/water-to-air) with short intake tracts and increased inter-cooler flow. The systems excellent thermodynamic efficiency is guaranteed by a large-volume low-temperature inter-cooler radiator, two water-to-air intercoolers placed close to the engine and additional separate motor oil and water coolers.

High-performance MAHLE pistons are designed specifically to deal with temperatures and pressures associated with up to 1.0 bar charging and the engine's 9.2:1 nominal compression ratio. Altogether this results in an impressive specific output of 122.7hp (90kW) per litre and a mean total compression of 20.1 bar. Direct injection and Double-VANOS contribute to the B6 Bi-Turbo's class-leading consumption and emission figures: 10.5 (10.6) l/100km and 244 (247) g/km CO2, Combined cycle, measured according to ECE Norm (data for Convertible in brackets).

2012 Alpina BMW B3 GT3

Alpina's recent return to international motor sport peaked this year, with the drivers Alexandros Margaritis and Dino Lunardi winning the German GT Series, the 2011 ADAC GT Masters Championship, in the Alpina BMW B6 GT3.

With this achievement Alpina purposefully demonstrates that despite a long absence from motor sports, cutting edge automotive know-how and technical expertise continues to be the foundation for the development of exclusive BMW Alpina automobiles.

Ideal circumstances to re-kindle the long-standing Alpina tradition of creating ultra small series limited editions.

The Alpina BMW B3 GT3 combines exceptional characteristics and technical features of the Alpina BMW B6 GT3 race car with classic design elements of iconic Alpina automobiles of the past - to the delight of Alpina customers and enthusiasts worldwide.

Strictly limited to 99 cars, the Alpina BMW B3 GT3 will be available from spring 2012 at a price of approx. € 90.000,- including 19% VAT (German specification, ex-works Buchloe).

The exceptionally smooth twin turbocharged 3.0liter in line six-cylinder engine from the Alpina B3 S Bi-Turbo - with its massive torque and effortless performance - is also employed in the B3 GT3. By amending the exhaust system and replacing the rear silencer the back pressure has been further reduced, increasing output in the B3 GT3 by 8hp. The direct petrol injected engine now delivers a total power output of 408hp at 6000rpm and 540Nm of torque at 4500rpm.

2011 Subaru Advanced Tourer Concept

Exquisitely balancing the enjoyment of driving with environmental friendliness Subaru Advanced Tourer Concept, under its product concept of 'Revolutionary Sports Tourer', embodies Subaru's theme of 'Confidence in Motion'.

This C-segment class car was developed as a new-generation sports wagon providing both superior driving performance and utility. It features an innovative exterior design not found in conventional wagon models and expert wagon utility Subaru has cultivated over the years. The well established sports power unit, the Horizontally-Opposed Subaru Boxer engine, is now with direct fuel injection. This highlight mixed with Subaru's downsizing concept and original Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) expertise has enabled Subaru to make considerable progress on its unique Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive (AWD) technology. An even sportier driveability and advanced environmental friendliness are both attainable in this new concept car.

Exterior Design

Subaru's brand statement 'Confidence in Motion' is portrayed in the outward design as well. The dynamic yet sleek look promises an enthusiastic drive, while the cabin offers all the usability of a C-segment wagon. A flowing line on the side surfaces augments the stylish design calling to mind a coupe style car.

Interior Design

In pursuit of Subaru's human-centered philosophy, all passengers are assured a safe and pleasant ride in a comfortable and quality interior.

2011 Toyota Fun Vii Concept

Toyota Motor Corporation shown the Toyota Fun Vehicle interactive internet (Fun Vii) at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, a concept vehicle that heralds a future where people, cars and society are linked.

The ultimate in personalisation functions offer the ability to display messages or other information on the exterior and interior of the Toyota Fun Vii, with the same ease as downloading an application. The whole vehicle body can be used as a display area, with the body colour and display content changeable at will.

The vehicle interior can also function as a display area, with the interior freely modifiable to match one's mood of the moment. Content such as navigation information is blended seamlessly into the interior through the use of augmented reality technology. Furthermore, a vehicle's "navigation concierge" can provide the passengers with driving information and guidance through a vocal interface.

Operation of the Toyota Fun Vii is not limited to inside the vehicle itself, with a number of the vehicle's functions accessible remotely via a Smartphone or any other mobile communication device.

A network update function ensures the software versions for the vehicle's drive, control and multimedia system are always up-to-date. The Toyota Fun Vii is able to link with surrounding vehicles and infrastructure, allowing it to detect other potentially hazardous vehicles - such as vehicles in blind spots - in advance, or to connect with friends who are driving nearby.

Toyota Fun Vii Concept Specifications

Length: 4,020 mm
Width: 1,745 mm
Height: 1,415 mm
Wheelbase: 2,750 mm
Seating: 3

2011 Volkswagen Cross Coupe Concept

At the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, Volkswagen is showcasing its concept of an SUV of the future: the VW Cross Coupé. Visually the all-wheel-drive plug-in hybrid vehicle shows how Volkswagen designers could envisage a crossover between a four-door coupé and a compact SUV. The design team led by Walter de Silva and Klaus Bischoff have created a fascinating study that impressively combines the best of two worlds. Original, strong in character, sculptural and dynamic, the Volkswagen Cross Coupé stands for the future of SUV design at Volkswagen!

Pioneering technologies. Technically too the very sporty Volkswagen Cross Coupé concept car defines a new status, being based on Volkswagen's new modular transverse matrix (MQB) - the first such model ever to be publicly shown. Features of the Cross Coupé consequently include strikingly short bodywork overhangs. The four-seat SUV is powered by two electric motors (1 x front, 1 x rear) and a direct injection turbo petrol engine (TSI). The Volkswagen Cross Coupé can drive a distance of up to 40 kilometres purely on electric power. The all-wheel drive system with 'electric drive shaft' represents an innovation for Volkswagen, with the rear axle being driven by the rear of the two electric motors. In this situation power is supplied to the rear electric motor by the one at the front, which during this phase acts as a generator powered by the TSI engine. In the Cross Coupé the flow of electrical energy thus replaces the conventional transfer of power by means of a drive shaft. And that creates room on board the concept car for another important technology: the centre tunnel, usually the place for the drive shaft, houses the lithium ion battery (tunnel battery) on the VW Cross Coupé. The low position of the battery and the general layout of the drive systems give the vehicle a very low centre of gravity and facilitate a balanced spread of axle loading. Although equipped with the all-round qualities of an SUV, the concept car therefore demonstrates the dynamic handling of a coupé.

2011 Honda EV-Ster Concept

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. staged the world premiere of the Honda EV-STER, the next-generation electric small sports concept model, at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.

Featuring a dynamic and innovative styling design and excellent environmental performance, the Honda EV-STER, an electric rear-wheel-drive two-seater convertible sports car, will propose a new way to enjoy a sports type model which is unique to the electromotive mobility. The adoption of carbon materials made it possible to reduce the vehicle weight contributing to the vehicle's high driving performance and range of approximately 160km. The easy-to-operate twin-lever steering was adopted for the thorough pursuit of the joy of driving. Moreover, the new concept model enables the driver to make his/her own adjustments to some vehicle characteristics such as motor output and suspension settings, to embody the joy of maneuvering to the fullest extent.

Furthermore, the instrument panel features not only meters, but also the vehicle information display which enables the driver to enjoy driving as well as the network display used for the audio and navigation systems and also for the internet access. The well-designed layout of the meters and displays enables the driver to concentrate on driving and enjoy the comfortable space.

Honda remains committed to developing sports models beyond the expectations of its customers and offering exciting and thrilling mobility products.

Key specifications

Vehicle length: 3,570mm
Vehicle width: 1,500mm
Vehicle height: 1,100mm
Wheelbase: 2,325mm
Maximum speed: 160km/h
Acceleration 0-60km/h: 5.0 sec
Maximum range: Approximately 160km (JC08 mode)
Battery: 10kWh lithium-ion battery
Maximum battery output: 58kW
Charging time
200V: under 3 hours
100V: under 6 hours

2011 Daihatsu PICO Concept

The Daihatsu PICO two-seater electric vehicle represents a new category of vehicle positioned between light automobiles and motorized bicycles. The Daihatsu PICO has been developed as a model offering the appeal that only a compact car can provide to accommodate social and environmental changes such as the aging population, regional locations and delivery businesses.

A newly-imagined two-seater EV commuter offering snug closeness with people and the environment. Daihatsu's proposition for a new vehicle geared to the times with an aging population, regional locations and delivery businesses, offering the appeal that only a compact car can provide while accommodating changes in society and the environment.

The ultimate vehicle for personal use which is ideal for short trips on a daily basis
A layout featuring large openings and a low, flat floor that makes it easy to get in or out
A front-and-back two-seat configuration designed for ease of use in small and narrow spaces
Driving assistance with advanced radar

1932 BMW 320 PS Tourer

1929 BMW 315 PS DA 2

The BMW 3/15 was BMW's second car, first produced in July 1929.

After the end of World War One the situation for BMW - which was founded as an aero engine manufacturer became difficult. The Versailles treaty strongly restricted airplane manufacture in Germany and companies had to look for other fields of business. So BMW turned to truck and boat engine, motorcycle and later car manufacture. When the BMW Dixi line collapsed, BMW took the opportunity and bought the license for the Austin seven as well as the Eisenach factory. For the first months the production of the car continued as BMW 3/15 PS DA1. The BMW 3/15 PS DA1 had many different body shells so it was one of the first customizable cars. The designation was derived from the taxation class (3), engine power (15 hp with PS being the German equivalent of hp) and DA stands for “Deutsche Ausführung” (German version).

Engine: 4 cylinder water cooled four-stroke, 750 ccm, 15 hp
Weight: about 400 kg
Top speed: 75 km/h (45 miles/h)
Acceleration 8 to 40 km/h (5 to 25 miles/h): 10 seconds
Fuel consumption: 5-6 liter/100 km (mileage about 45 miles/gallon)

2012 Ford Focus Zetec S

Ford introduces the sporty Zetec S to its acclaimed all-new Focus line up. Developed specifically for UK customers, Ford Focus Zetec S combines sporty styling with the debut of the 1.6-litre 180PS EcoBoost petrol engine.

Based on the existing Zetec model, it adds a full sports styling kit including unique front and rear spoilers with lower sill extensions and 17in alloy wheels together with sports suspension featuring stiffened springs and dampers, aluminium-style sports pedals, rear LED tail lamps and Ford Power starter button.

Anthony Ireson, Ford Britain marketing director, said: "Zetec S models have always been popular with UK customers and so we are delighted to welcome our new Focus Zetec S to the range. With sporty exterior body styling and impressive performance and economy, this latest addition is set to be another showroom hit."

The Ford Focus Zetec S is available now in five-door bodystyle with estate to follow in February 2012, and is offered with a choice of four engines including the 1.6-litre 180PS EcoBoost turbo-charged petrol engine which has a top speed of 138mph, reaches 0-62mph in just 7.9sec and emits only 139g/km CO2. Any Focus Zetec S chosen with this engine or the 1.6-litre 115PS TDCi will carry the ECOnetic Technology badge, as they benefit from auto start-stop, Ford ECO mode, gear shift indicator, active grille shutter and smart regenerative charging.

The 1.6-litre 125PS Ti-VCT petrol and the 2.0-litre 163PS TDCi are also available and can be specified with either manual or PowerShift automatic transmission.

At £18,745 on the road the Ford Focus Zetec S is priced just £1,250 above the equivalent Zetec derivative, which represents outstanding value, as if purchased separately, the additional features would add over £1,700. The Zetec S and Titanium are identically priced so customers can choose either sport or luxury at the same price point.

Options include the technology-laden Driver Assistance Pack which has received several awards, cruise control with Active Speed Limiter and a Zetec S interior pack featuring Inferno Red partial leather, heated front seats, power driver seat, power rear windows and global closing for £800.00.

2011 Nissan Juke Nismo Concept

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd has revealed a bold new future for its Nismo performance arm. One of the undoubted stars of the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show is the Nissan Juke Nismo Concept, an idea of how a premium sports version of the hugely successful compact crossover could look.

With its distinctive styling Nissan Juke has redefined the highly competitive B-segment, but the Nissan Juke Nismo Concept is even more dramatic. It's lower, wider and has a tougher stance. Even standing still, it's clearly a performance car.

Aimed at a car-loving audience looking for a car that reflects an edgy personality, Nissan Juke Nismo Concept magnifies the standard car's unique mix of compact car agility, coupé-like responses and SUV strength.

"The global sales success of Nissan Juke has proved beyond doubt that customers are looking for something different," said Andy Palmer, Executive Vice President, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. "The Juke Nismo Concept takes that idea to the next level. It's energetic, distinctive and highly desirable."

Finished in signature Nismo colours of pearl white with red highlights, the Nissan Juke Nismo Concept wears a body kit created by Nismo's aerodynamic specialists whose skill has been honed perfecting racecar bodywork.

And as on a racecar, the Juke Nismo Concept body kit is designed not just to look good, but also to be dynamically highly efficient. New parts include revised lower bumpers front and rear, wider fenders and sill side skirts.

2013 Subaru BRZ

Subaru BRZ is a rear-wheel drive sports car featuring the Horizontally-Opposed Boxer engine. It was developed as a joint-project between Subaru and Toyota Motor Corporation, to bring to the world a sports car with superior steering response and driving pleasure that everyone can experience. The Subaru Boxer engine in the BRZ was positioned even lower than other Subaru models so that the BRZ has one of the lowest possible centers of gravity s on the market today. This low center of gravity produces astonishing handling character and combined with a light-weight chassis BRZ realizes Subaru's aim for "Pure Handling Delight" -the driving experience taken to a new level.

Concept

The product concept of Subaru BRZ is "Pure Handling Delight." The Horizontally-Opposed Boxer engine has inherent qualities of low center of gravity, lightweight, and compactness. These attributes are maximized by placing this engine even lower and closer to the center of the chassis. These factors contributed to BRZ's low center of gravity -one of the lowest possible. The Subaru BRZ is a fun sports car that any driver can enjoy driving with peace of mind.

Design

The Subaru BRZ has a low-mounted Boxer engine on a specially designed sub-frame that forms an "ultra-low center of gravity package". With this arrangement, BRZ achieved a low driving position typical of a sports car. Overall height of Subaru BRZ is 1,300 mm and it has a wide and low body of a stylish coupe at 1775mm. Yet, it allows for 2+2 seating and a trunk with ample space. Not only is the BRZ a sports car, but it can also be a suitable partner for long tours with its unexpected utility.

2012 Brabus Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Roadster

Style & Performance: that's the guiding principle for Brabus to refine the new Mercedes SLS AMG Roadster now as well. The exclusive program comprises an aerodynamic-enhancement kit made from clear-coated carbon fiber, extremely lightweight Brabus forged wheels with a comfortable sport suspension, engine tuning that produces a maximum power output of 611 hp (600 bhp) / 448 kW, a titanium high-performance exhaust system with electronic sound management, and a fully customiz interior tailored to the owner's individual preferences in every last detail.

The Brabus designers have adapted the aerodynamic-enhancement program originally developed for the coupe version of the SLS to the new roadster. Just like in top-flight motorsports the various components are manufactured from extremely lightweight carbon fiber. Customers can choose between aerodynamic-enhancement components with a high-gloss finish or with a matte finish for undiluted racing looks. Upon request the components can also be painted in body or contrasting color.

The Brabus front spoiler attaches to the underside of the production bumper. It lends the two-seat car a more striking front end and reduces lift on the front axle at high speeds. The two Brabus carbon-fiber covers for the upper air ducts in the front fascia add further thrilling highlights.

2010 Audi e-tron Spyder Concept

Audi presented the Audi e-tron Spyder Concept, the study of an open sports car, at the 2010 Paris Motor Show. The show car, with plug-in hybrid drive, is 4.06 meters (13.32 ft) long, 1.81 meters (5.94 ft) wide and only 1.11 meters (3.64 ft) high. The two-seater is equipped with a 221-kW (300-hp) twin-turbo V6 TDI at the rear axle and two electric motors producing a total of 64 kW at the front axle.

The Audi e-tron Spyder Concept's low total weight of only around 1,450 kilograms (3,196.70 lb) combined with the high-torque TDI and the two electric motors results in respectable performance. The car accelerates to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) in just 4.4 seconds, and top speed is electronically governed at 250 km/h (155.34 mph).

The Audi e-tron Spyder Concept can combine the powerful torque of its TDI - the diesel engine generates 650 Nm (479.42 lb-ft) and the total of 352 Nm (259.62 lb-ft) of its two electric motors during acceleration in a process known as "boosting."

The intelligent distribution of power allows for optimal dynamics in every situation. The targeted application of power to the front wheels improves longitudinal dynamics while also improving lateral dynamics when cornering. This is because torque vectoring - the as-needed distribution of torque between the left and right wheels of the two axles - enables an exhilarating degree of driving precision and excellent agility.

Thanks also to its low weight, short wheelbase and perfect 50:50 weight distribution for dynamic handling, the Audi e-tron Spyder Concept has all the drivability of a go-kart - good on bends and neutral right up to the very high handling limit.

2013 Porsche 911 Carrera S Cabriolet

With the Porsche 911 Carrera S Cabriolet, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Stuttgart, is doubling the driving fun to be had from the new 911 Carrera by putting a Cabriolet alongside the Coupé. The debut of the new generation of the sports car classic is being followed only a few months later by the open-top models of the 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S in the new 911 design.

What the Coupé began with the new aluminium-steel body, the Cabriolet continues with the all-new, unique hood: As a result, the typical 911 roof line is initially retained in its entirety. Even when closed up, the Cabriolet cuts a fine figure. Intelligent lightweight design, even including the use of magnesium in the hood, ensures less weight and more sportiness, lower fuel consumption and greater comfort. With the open-top 911s as well, Porsche has managed to reverse the weight spiral and make the new Cabrio models significantly lighter than its predecessors.

Each of the two new Cabriolets has the same engine as its Carrera Coupé equivalent. The rear of the 911 Carrera Cabrio houses a 3.4-litre flat engine generating 350 hp (257 kW) of power driving the rear wheels through a seven-gear manual transmission. The open-top Porsche 911 Carrera S Cabriolet comes with a 3.8-litre six-cylinder engine developing 400 hp (294 kW) and also a seven-gear manual transmission featured as standard. That means that the open-top 911s as well are distancing themselves even further from the competition in terms of efficiency; both models consume less than ten litres of fuel per 100 kilometres (NEDC). The Cabriolets as well have the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) available as an optional extra, delivering even lower fuel consumption and shorter acceleration times.

With the longer wheelbase compared with the predecessor model, the wider front track and the new electro-mechanical power steering, the new Cabriolets offer even sportier driving characteristics, greater precision and agility. Depending on model, there are other standard or optional active control systems available as well that further enhance the driving dynamics.

The 911 Carrera Cabriolet will be launched in Germany on March 3, 2012. The prices for the Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet start in Germany with 100,532 Euros, the Porsche 911 Carrera S Cabriolet starts with 114,931 Euros including value-added tax in both cases.